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1 θυμός
θυμός, οῦ, ὁ (Hom. +).① intense expression of the inner self, freq. expressed as strong desire, passion, passionate longing (Hom. et al.; Pla., Cratyl. 419e θυμὸς ἀπὸ τῆς θύσεως κ. ζέσεως τ. ψυχῆς) ἐκ τ. οἴνου τοῦ θυμοῦ τῆς πορνείας αὐτῆς πεπότικεν τ. ἔθνη she has caused the nations to drink the wine of her passionate immorality Rv 14:8; cp. 18:3. τὸ ποτήριον τ. οἴνου τ. θυμοῦ τ. ὀργῆς αὐτοῦ the wine-cup of God’s passionate wrath 16:19; cp. 19:15. But in all these cases mng. 2 may be the correct one; for the other pass. in Rv where θ. occurs, mng. 2 is prob. the only one possible.② a state of intense displeasure, anger, wrath, rage, indignation Rv 12:12 (θυμὸν ἔχειν as Theognis 748 Bergk). ὁ οἶνος τ. θυμοῦ τ. θεοῦ the wine of God’s wrath or indignation (s. ἄκρατος) 14:10; cp. vs. 19; 15:1, 7; 16:1 (the figure of the outpouring of wrath freq. in OT). If this mng. holds true for all the Rv pass., the combination of genitives of θυμός and ὀργή in 16:19; 19:15 is to be taken as a strengthening of the thought (cp. Ex 32:12; Jer 32:37; 37:24; La 2:3; CD 10, 9; En 5:9; PsSol 2:23; Ath. 21, 1), and in 14:8; 18:3 we have a complex metaphor (cp. Pind., P. 10, 51–54 and BGildersleeve’s comment on ‘telescoped’ metaphor [Pindar: The Olympian and Pythian Odes 1885, 355]): the wine of harlotry, w. which Babylon intoxicates the nations, becomes the wine of God’s wrath for them.—In the other occurrences of θ. in our lit., the same mng. is indicated: of God (w. ὀργή; both words are oft. used together thus in the LXX) Ro 2:8; 1 Cl 50:4. Of humans Hb 11:27; (w. ὀργή, as Aelian, VH 15, 54; Ael. Aristid. 35, 10 K.=9 p. 101 D.; Herodian 8, 4, 1; Sir 45:18; Jos., Bell. 2, 135, Ant. 20, 108) Col 3:8; (w. πικρία and ὀργή) Eph 4:31; cp. Hm 5, 2, 4 and Js 3:11 P74. ἐξερίσαι εἰς τοσοῦτο θυμοῦ reach such a pitch of fury 1 Cl 45:7; ἀκατάσχετος θ. MPol 12:2. πλησθῆναι θυμοῦ be filled w. anger Lk 4:28; cp. Ac 19:28.—Pl. θυμοί (Herm. Wr. 12, 4; Philo, Rer. Div. Her. 64; Jos., Bell. 4, 314) outbursts of anger 2 Cor 12:20; Gal 5:20; 1 Cl 46:5.—JIrmscher, Götterzorn bei Homer ’50. SSullivan, Glotta 59, ’81, 147–55 (Hesiod and Gk. lyric poets). B. 1087; 1134. DELG. M-M. TW.
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